Lesson 3 – Family

Let’s learn some words to about family members and people. We’ll learn to talk about our family and ask questions about other people’s families as well.

We’ll also have a look at some more general words for people, and practice some simple sentences using what we’ve learnt.

In Yankunytjatjara’s kinship system there are two different sides that dictate the organisation of society and therefore language. We-bone or our-side is your own generation and your grandparents and grandchildren, this is called nganaṉṯarka. Your parents and your children are called they-flesh or their side, this is called tjanamilytjan.

For the words we’re learning today it’s important to simply note there are different words for different generations and kin as they relate to yourself. There are of course more complex and nuanced learnings that go along with this system that we aren’t covering today.

Yankunytjatjara
English
nganaṉṯarka
we-bone, our side
tjanamilytjan
they-flesh, their side

GENERAL FAMILY WORDS

Let’s begin with learning some general words for family and people that come up a lot in everyday conversation.

wati
man
kungka
woman
mama
father
ngunytju
mother
ukara
young woman
uḻa
young boy
kamuṟu
uncle
kuṉṯili
auntie
tjiḻpi
old man
kuṯa
older brother
maḻany
younger brother, younger sister
kangkuṟu
older sister
walytja
family


WORDS FOR YOUR SIDE

Remembering that there are two sides of the kinship system, let’s take a look at some words that you would say when talking about your side of the kinship system nganaṉṯarka.

These are your generation, your grandparents and your grandchildren.

kuṯa
older brother
kangkuṟu
older sister
kaku
sister (younger or older)
maḻany
younger brother, younger sister
piṉinu
brother or sister (last born)
wati pikatja
promised husband
kungka pikatja
promised wife
kuri
spouse
maṟutju
man's brother-in-law
tjuwaṟi
woman's sister-in-law
tjamu
grandfather, grandson
kami
grandmother, granddaughter
pakaḻi
grandson
puliri
granddaughter
inyurpa
those you can't marry


WORDS FOR THEIR SIDE

Now let’s have a look at words for tjanamilytjan their-side. These are your parents and your own children.

mama
father, father's brother
ngunytju
mother, mother's sister
kuṉṯili
father's sister
kamuṟu
mother's brother
maḻatja
descendants (also younger sister or brother)
katja
son, close nephews
ukaṟi
nephew, niece
uṉṯal
daughter
mingkai
daughter-in-law, mother-in-law
umaṟi
woman's son-in-law, man's father-in-law, man's mother-in-law (avoidance)
waputju
son-in-law, father-in-law (avoidance)


TALKING ABOUT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY

With these words in mind, let’s practice a few simple sentences.

Introducing yourself you might say:

Ngayulu kungka Yankunytjatjara.
I am a Yankunytjatjara woman.

ngayulu means I, kungka means woman and Yankunytjatjara is the name of your language.

 

Talking about your family you might say: 

Ngayulu walytja tjuṯatjara.
I have a big family.

Ngayulu means I, walytja means family and tjuṯatjara means with many.

 

Introducing your husband or partner you might say:

Ngayuku kuri ini Phil-nga.
My husband's name is Phil.

Ngayuku means mine, kuri means husband, ini means name and Phil-nga is your partner’s name.

 

If you wanted to know who someone is you could ask:

Ngananya palatja?
Who's that?

Ngananya means who and palatja means that.

 

You might answer: 

Palatja ngayuku kuṉṯili Mary-nya.
That's my auntie Mary.

Palatja means that’s, ngayuku means my, kuntili means auntie and Mary-nya is the name of your auntie.

 

You could also answer:

Palatja ngayuku walytja.
That's my family.

Palatja means that, ngayuku means my and walytja means family.

 

You might even want to say: 

Palatja palumpa walytja.
That's his family.

Palatja means that, palumpa means his or her and walytja means family.


NUMBERS

Let’s take a quick moment to go over how to use numbers and count in Yankunytjatjara. Yankunytjatjara has a simplified counting systems that only has words for one, two, three and many.

To count beyond this you can combine words as you would combine numbers in addition to make numbers up to six.

kutju
one
kutjara
two
mankur
three
tjuṯa
many

Using the numbers we know of above lets add them together to form new numbers up to six.

kutjara-kutjara
four
mankur-kutjara
five
mankur-mankur
six

Let’s combine the numbers we’ve just learnt with some family terms to make some sentences.

Talking about how many sons we have, we might say:

Ngayulu katja mankur.
I have three sons.

 Ngayulu means I, katja means son and mankur means three.

 

If we were talking about our siblings we might say: 

Ngayulu malany mankur-kutjara.
I have five younger siblings.

Ngayulu means I, malany means younger sibling and mankur-kutjara means five.


Next up we’ll be having a look at pronouns and working to build up some more complex sentences.

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